Crane Farhadi Tower in Tehran

A tower crane is a type of machine that is used to lift, lower and move heavy or bulky construction materials such as beams around. Tower crane is a vital component in the construction of tall buildings, huge structures and complex projects. This device is made to control and guide heavy equipment at heights. Tower cranes must be carefully designed to perform at their best and be safe.

Tower crane or construction crane has wide applications and in general, the work of this device is to move materials and guide heavy equipment in structures that are very high. Tower cranes are mainly used in the following cases: Industries, power plants and factories Residential, office and commercial constructions High-rise constructions dam construction Bridging

Tower crane or tower crane has different types. Tower crane types include the following: Sarchekshi Self-installer pocket loafing Derrick Tower cranes are generally either fixed or mobile. The fixed construction crane is used daily, and the height increase and the possibility of moving the equipment in this device are limited. The mobile tower crane has a wide range of operation that can be used in different parts of the project. The mobile tower crane itself is divided into three models: rail, road and floating, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The rail tower crane moves on the rail, and the road tower crane is more like a crane and its dimensions are small. One of the advantages of the road tower crane is that it has a quick installation and its low carrying capacity is one of its disadvantages. The floating tower crane is another model of these devices, which is used for the purpose of constructing oil mines and taking out sunken ships.

In a construction crane, the origin of a long horizontal arm is connected to a vertical tower. One end of the arm extends horizontally across the work area, while the other end carries counterweights. Also, a load wheel that holds the lift cable moves along the arm to help move the equipment. This type of tower crane usually needs a second crane for assembling and disassembling parts at the workplace.

Loafing construction crane is another common type of construction tower crane. This crane is recognizable because of its diagonal arm that extends from the top of the mast (tower) at an angle. Unlike Sarchekshi tower crane, in jib luffing, the hook point is at the end of the arm. Tower crane counterweights are placed closer to the tower when combined with a diagonal arm; As a result, the pocket luffing usually has a higher capacity compared to the overhead crane. Unlike the hammerhead crane, the diagonal arm can move inward and outward (from vertical to 30 degrees angle). This type of movement allows the luffing pocket tower crane to operate in small spaces, which is why this type of tower crane is often seen in dense urban construction environments.

Derrick tower construction crane is similar to the luffing arm type and its dimensions are designed to be installed on roofs or small spaces. This type of small tower crane is mainly used to assemble or disassemble parts of tower cranes. Derrick tower crane is often without an operator's cabin and is controlled remotely by wire or wireless.

In terms of installation model, tower cranes are divided into two categories: self-installing and assisted installation:

The installed tower crane has its own generator and engine, which gets its propulsion and installation power from this part. The self-installing tower crane can be deployed and used alone without the need for a second crane. This advantage in tower crane reduces the setup time and saves project costs. It should be mentioned that another economic point in construction is choosing a concrete or metal frame, because the cost of a metal frame will be higher. Some models of this type of crane have an operator's cabin, but most self-erecting cranes are controlled from the ground. This type of tower crane is usually independent and can be equipped to move in the work environment.

This tower crane takes its kinetic energy from an external source, or electricity. Its dimensions are large and it is used to move heavy and large objects at heights. This model does not have the ability to automatically move the load, and the load is transported by a special transport system.

The tower crane is usually placed and fixed using the foundation in a part of the construction site. The general components of the tower crane are: the battalion gear Carriage or Chariot Arm restraint cable the hook Control room tow wire Anchor mounting base Mast or tower The foundation reinforcement platform Front arm or arrow Balancing arm cable drum